Phylogenetic relationships among the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) inferred from partial sequences of the wingless gene.
Journal of Biogeography 17: 227–239.īrower A.V.Z. Slash-and-burn agriculture in the wet coastal lowlands of Papua New Guinea: response of birds, butterflies and reptiles. Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, London, Paris, Tokyo.īowman D.M.J.S., Woinarski P.O., Sands D.P.A., Wells A. (eds) Vertebrates in Complex Tropical Ecosystems. Mammalian species richness in tropical rainforests. The effect of environmental disturbance on a tropical butterfly population. Bulletin de l’ Institut francçais d’Afrique noire A 22: 1259–1284.īlau W.S. Bulletin de l’ Institut francçais d’Afrique noire A 18: 569–582.īirket-Smith J. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 51: 89–98.īirket-Smith J. Diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies (Nymphalidae) along a gradient of tropical rainforest succession in Borneo with some remarks on the problem of ‘pseudoreplicates’. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 62: 313–341.īeck J. Vertical stratification of ithomiine butterfly (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) mimicry complexes: the relationship between adult flight height and larval host-plant height. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 72: 585–607.īeccaloni G.W. Stratification and diel activity of arthropods in a lowland rainforest in Gabon. 1–500.īasset Y., Aberlenc H.-P., Barrios H., Curletti F., Bérenger J.-M., Vesco J.-P. (ed) Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands 3. This study shows that higher overall species richness does not imply higher species distinctiveness, and indicates that the contribution of land-use systems to global biodiversity should be evaluated with caution, even when relatively high species richness estimates are found.Īoki T., Yamaguchi S. Comparative studies based on diversity estimates from ground samples should consider not only the scale at which sampling is carried out and influences from nearby habitat patches in the surrounding landscape mosaic, but also possible behavioural changes in stratified species after forest modification. Although the butterfly assemblage showed a clear vertical structure in the natural forest, vertical stratification was no longer pronounced at the disturbed site. Overall, species richness seemed highest in the disturbed site, but both abundance and diversity of endemic butterflies were significantly higher in the natural forest. We compared the fruit-feeding butterfly assemblage of a natural hill forest to that of a disturbed hill forest, representing a mosaic of old secondary forest and recently abandoned or active subsistence farms. Studies on the impact of these man-induced changes on biodiversity are of urgent conservation concern. Protected forest areas of Sulawesi are gradually being replaced by intensively used agroforestry systems and farmland, especially in lowland and sub-montane regions.
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